| (Kidney Function) Analysis Report Card | ||||
| Name: Example(Female) | Sex: Female | Age: 30 | ||
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| Actual Testing Results |
| Testing Item | Normal Range | Actual Measurement Value | Testing Result |
| Urobilinogen Index | 2.762 - 5.424 | 4.902 | |
| Uric acid Index | 1.435 - 1.987 | 1.905 | |
| Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) Index | 4.725 - 8.631 | 8.618 | |
| Proteinuria Index | 1.571 - 4.079 | 2.241 |
| Reference Standard: |
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| Urobilinogen Index: | 2.762-5.424(-) | 5.424-6.826(+) | ||||||||
| 6.826-8.232(++) | >8.232(+++) | |||||||||
| Uric acid Index: | 1.435-1.987(-) | 1.987-2.544(+) | ||||||||
| 2.544-3.281(++) | >3.281(+++) | |||||||||
| Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) Index: | 4.725-8.631(-) | 8.631-10.327(+) | ||||||||
| 10.327-12.154(++) | >12.154(+++) | |||||||||
| Proteinuria Index: | 1.571-4.079(-) | 4.079-5.218(+) | ||||||||
| 5.218-6.443(++) | >6.443(+++) | |||||||||
| Parameter Description |
| Urobilinogen Index: |
| Urobilinogen is a colourless product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action. Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed, taken up into the circulation and excreted by the kidney. Most of urobilinogen will be excreted along with feces, and other part will be absorbed by the liver reback to the intestinal, then from the liver enter into the kidney or the blood and excret out together with the urine. There will form Urobilinogen after exposure to the air. |
| Uric acid Index: |
| In human blood plasma, the reference range of uric acid is between 3.6 mg/dL (~214 ?mol/L) and 8.3 mg/dL (~494 ?mol/L) (1 mg/dL=59.48 ?mol/L).[This range is considered normal by the American Medical Association Manual of Style. Uric acid concentrations in blood plasma above and below the normal range are known, respectively, as hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. Most uric acid dissolves in blood and travels to the kidneys, where it passes out in urine. Some people develop gout, kidney stones or kidney failure due to high uric acid levels. A high uric acid level may appear prior to the development of high blood pressure, heart disease or chronic kidney disease. |
| Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) Index: |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, in the blood. Urea is formed by the liver and carried by the blood to the kidneys for excretion.The amino acid deamination produces NH3 and C02, and which synthesis to urea in the liver.Per gram of protein metabolism of urea is 0.3g. The nitrogen have almost half content of 28/26 in the urea. Diseased or damaged kidneys cause an elevated BUN because the kidneys are less able to clear urea from the bloodstream. In conditions in which renal perfusion is decreased, such as hypovolemic shock or congestive heart failure, BUN levels rise. |
| Proteinuria Index: |
| There always have a certain amount of essential for human life activeites protein in the blood. A part of proteins will be filtered by sphere in the kidney and enter into the urine, but it may be absorbed in the renal tubules reback to the blood. Therefore, if the function of the kidneys is normal, the protein in the urine just has a little. However, when the kidneys and catherter leakage arises obstacles that will have a large amount of protein become to proteinuria. It's normal that have trace protein in the healthy people urine, and the normal range defined as negative. When the protein in urine up to more than 0.15g/24h, called proteinuria, and this can be as a positive qualitative urine. |
| The test results for reference only and not as a diagnostic conclusion. | |