The
Amazing Healing Power Of Hydrogen Water
"An important scientific innovation
rarely
makes its way by gradually winning over and
converting its opponents. What does happen
is that its opponents gradually die out and that
the growing generation is familiar with the
idea from the beginning. "
Max Planck
What if told you there was a product that
looked like water, and felt like water and is water but
detoxed your body so amazingly that you wouldn't need
to follow
it
up with to much else? You'd think I was crazy, right?
But what if I told you that japanese men
and women – the
high priests and priestesses of longlife spans – have
been using and raving about this amazing water for years?
And what if ii told you that the waters
from the largest natural healing centres like Lourdes
in france,Tlacote in Mexico,Nadana village India etc
were high in hydrogen... Now , do I have
your attention.:)
Dr. [Kim Young] Kwi (scientist and researcher
for 25 years) had the opportunity to test and subsequently
provide insight into the waters of Lourdes, France.
Samples of the water were analyzed and compared to
ordinary water. Here is what Dr. Kim Young had to
say about the “miracle” waters of Lourdes:
“The Lourdes water was found to have
a higher concentration of activated hydrogen
than
regular water, which may be responsible for restoring
health to cells damaged by oxidation” |
One of the most satisfying feelings
I know – and
also one of the most growth-promoting experiences
for the other person – comes from my appreciating
this individual in the same way that I appreciate
a sunset. People are just wonderful as sunsets if
I can let them be. In fact, perhaps the reason we
can truly appreciate a sunset is that we cannot control
it. When I look at a sunset as I did the other evening,
I don’t find myself saying, “Soften the
orange a little on the right hand corner, and put
a bit more purple along the base, and use a little
more pink in the cloud color.” I don’t
do that. I don’t try to control a sunset. I
watch with awe as it unfolds.
- Carl Rogers - |
How Does
Molecular Hydrogen Help? Anti-Aging
"Anti-Aging
Molecular hydrogen is a powerful antioxidant, that helps to defend cells and
genes from damage and death caused by harmful free radicals. These properties,
in combination with its anti-inflammatory properties help enhance longevity
because aging is caused by tissue degeneration, oxidative stress and inflammation.
Studies show molecular hydrogen positively affects telomerase
activity. Thus, this lends itself to molecular hydrogen’s
anti-aging benefits.
It was published in the American
Journal of Food and Nutrition, that drinking hydrogen-enriched
water increases telomerase activity. Therefore, it
shows great
potential when it comes to anti-aging benefits.
"Another study found that hydrogen-rich water affects
telomerase activity as well as SIRT1 gene expression.
SIRT1 is another biomarker that affects the aging process.
This study went on to note that hydrogen-enriched water
behaves similarly
to insulin, meaning that it can potentially
help those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes."
This study published in the Journal
of Photochemistry and Photobiology found that bathing
in hydrogen-enriched water decreased the appearance
of neck wrinkles in participants.
"Hydrogen gas has been shown to have therapeutic
effects on more than 150 disease processes, including:
cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular diseases,
Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s
disease, dementia, diabetes, osteoporosis, chronic
inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, certain
forms of cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases,
influenza and pneumonia, nephritis, skin conditions
and many more." |
Disease Prevention
There are currently 150
plus different diseases in which molecular hydrogen
appears to exert a beneficial effect. Some of the most common include: cardiovascular
disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia,
diabetes, allergies, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, heart disease, and cancer.
" Dr. Delgado broke the World Strength Endurance record, lifting 50,640 lbs
in one hour, and led Team USA to a World Championship. He is a medical commentator
in theWHN Forum
Twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), drank
530 mL of hydrogen-rich water More
Patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance
were included an 8-week randomized, double-blind, crossover
study of hydrogen-enriched water More
Cancer More
In Parkinson’s disease addition of hydrogen to
drinking water (>0.4 mM or 0.08–1.5 ppm) prevented
the development and progression of nigrostriatal degeneration
and dopaminergic neuron loss (67, 68) More
"Persistent oxidative stress plays an important role
in a variety of pathologies, and the search for an effective
and well tolerated antioxidant agent continues. Molecular
hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively
reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. The non-specific
mechanism of hydrogen as a therapeutic antioxidant gives
it broad therapeutic potential across a wide range of
medical applications, as has been shown by a substantial
volume of preclinical data, as well as a growing body
of clinical evidence. This review provides an overview
of the therapeutic potential of hydrogen, in ageing and
wellness applications as well as medical applications,
including acute ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammation
and ulceration, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative
disorders, and cancer (anti-cancer effects, radiation
toxicities, and side effects of cisplatin) with an emphasis
on clinical data. Overall, this review shows that hydrogen
is an effective antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent. "
Change your Water Change your life
The Amazing
Healing Power Of Hydrogen Water
Are you feeling faint, moody, constipated,
tired, fatigued, achy, ill, or down? Well, what if I
told you about a simple magical elixir that might help
all of those symptoms? A tall glass of clean and clear
hydrogen water. It may seem like only a plain element
in comparison to all the new health drinks out there
on
the market,
but hydrogen water can help prevent the undesired symptoms
mentioned above. Here is why hydrogen water is the healthiest
of beverages:
The molecule of hydrogen water is small enough to penetrate
into cells deeply. The utmost thing is hydrogen
water can neutralize ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species which
are notorious
for destroying normal cells o r distorting DNAs. Besides,
you can also enjoy helpful minerals dissolved in hydrogen
water.
.
For every disease there is a single
key mechanism that dominates all others. If one can
find it and then think
one's way a round it, one can control the disorder.
(Lewis Thomas, MD Sloan Kettering Hospital, NYC)
A single key mechanism that dominates
all others is redox reaction. So that,
if we can find
a
way to control it, we can conquer the disorder. Water
rich in atomic as well as molecular hydrogen should
be an ultimate solution for it as far as my theory
is concerned.(H. Hayashi, MD Water Institute, Japan) |
H ydrogen therapy
for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases—particularly those associated
with ROS (reactive oxygen species) and inflammation—has
become a hot research subject. Many reports in peer-reviewed
scientific and medical journals, including in vitro and
animal studies, plus some clinical trials in humans, have
already been published. HEALTH PROBLEMS that may be beneficially
affected by hydrogen therapy include, to name a few, atherosclerosis,
ischemia-reperfusion injury (as occurs in heart attacks
and strokes), diabetes, stress-induced cognitive impairments,
Parkinson’s disease (as shown in animal models),
and various aspects of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., insulin
sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and endothelial function).
The medicinal properties of molecular hydrogen appear
to be promoted as early as 1798. Many years later in
1975, the departments of Biology and Chemistry from the
prestigious Baylor University and Texas A&M published
a great article on the potential use of molecular hydrogen
in medicine in the premier peer-reviewed journal of Science.
However, it wasn’t until 2007, when an article
was published in Nature
Medicine, which showed the selective antioxidant
properties and antiapoptotic (anti-cell death) activity
of molecular hydrogen, that the biomedical field took
strong interest in hydrogen’s therapeutic potential.
Prior to 2007, only 50 articles were published regarding
hydrogen as a medical gas, compared to over 300 articles
within the past seven years
“Hydrogen-Rich Water” or
hydrogenated water contains active hydrogen ions that
act as powerful antioxidants
in your body. The ions help eliminate oxygen free radicals
that contribute to the development of illness and ultimately
are responsible for the aging process.
Our body takes
in the H2 and convert it into hydrogen anions, H-. or
commonly termed as active hydrogen. Active Hydrogen is
a powerful anti-oxidant as it is able to remove the active
oxygen in our body that is known to be the cause of many
types of chronic diseases. Molecular hydrogen also has
anti-inflammatory effect besides its antioxidant properties.
Inflammation is a silent killer that caused many chronic
diseases. Hydrogen has also been found to have anti-tumor
effect.
" We recently learned that the most important
number related to our water is not pH . In fact,
the most important number in health and wellness
may not be your PSA, cholesterol or blood pressure,
or ORAC. The most important number is the Number
1 on the Table of Periodic Elements, "Hydrogen." To
be more specific diatomic molecular hydrogen. That
tiny, pervasive, immensely powerful hydrogen." |
The Benefits
of Hydrogen-Rich Water
Hydrogen-Rich Water...
• Lubricates joints and muscles; our body is 70% water
• Keeps our minds alert; the brain is over 70% water needing hydration
to function
• Helps the body absorb nutrients
• Aids in circulation and digestion
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Detoxifies cells and the whole body
• Improves blood pressure, decreases headaches, arthritic symptoms, back
pain, and chronic illness symptoms
My question is: Is hydrogen-rich water true?
I am aware of the alkaline water. I have read several
articles in the Internet regarding this kind of
water but I cannot seem to be convinced
A Hydrogen water is a solution of molecular
hydrogen H 2 in water, which shouldn't be confused
with acidic or basic solutions. The first scientific
reference to hydrogen water appears to be in
the journal, Nature Medicine which can be accessed
here if you have a personal or institutional
subscription to the journal. The claim is that
molecular hydrogen can serve as a reducing agent
and therefore has antioxidant properties; namely,
it can reduce hydroxyl radicals:
H 2 +2OH·---2H 2 O
The article has generated a considerable amount
of research, with well over 300 journal articles
citing this work originally published in 2007.
There seems to be some merit to the claim . One
such article, which is publicly accessible is here.
How
Can YOU Benefit from Hydrogen Protection?
Forget your perfect offering. There is a crack
in everything.
That's how the light gets in. - Leonard Cohen - |
|
How is all this possible?
At first glance it would seem this is too good to be true.
How can a water do all this? The truth is it does not
actually do any
of these things—the body does. The Hydrogen
merely enhances water to be of more use to the body, thus
allowing
the
body to do more.
"Improve health for diabetes and prediabetes
patients. A Japanese study involved 36 patients
with either type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose
tolerance (a prediabetic condition in which blood
glucose levels are higher than normal). Some patients
drank about 30 ounces of hydrogen-rich water daily
for eight weeks… the rest drank the same
amount of plain water. Results: Hydrogen-rich water
consumption was associated with significant decreases
in LDL “bad” cholesterol and urinary
markers of oxidative stress as well as improved
glucose metabolism… in two-thirds of prediabetes
patients, oral glucose tolerance test results
returned to normal. Among plain water drinkers,
there were
no significant changes. " |
How Hydrogen works in the body
There are
four direct mechanisms involved that allow for these
benefits:
• Hydrogen- becomes an anti-oxidant, reducing damages in the body, thus
also ultimately reducing immune system workload.• Hydrogen- literally fuels
the ATP engine that powers every cell in the body. More fuel means more work
can be done, less food needs to be eaten, and less food further reduces the oxidative
load the body has to deal with.
"Ease the negative side effects
of radiation treatment for cancer. In a 2011 study,
Dr. Nakao’s team looked at 49 liver cancer
patients undergoing radiation, a treatment
that often increases fatigue and negatively
affects quality of life. Participants who drank
about two quarts of hydrogen-rich water daily
for six weeks showed lower blood levels of
oxidative markers (by-products of cell injury
caused by free radicals) and reported higher
quality of life than participants who drank
tap water. Hydrogen-rich water did not compromise
radiation’s therapeutic antitumor effects,
Dr. Nakao noted. "
Conclusions
Daily consumption of hydrogen-rich
water is a potentially , therapeutic strategy
for improving QOL after radiation exposure. Consumption
of hydrogen-rich water reduces the biological
reaction to radiation-induced oxidative stress
without compromising anti-tumor effects.Source
http://medicalgasresearch.com/
|
|
When you drink 2 L of hydro gen waterper
day as utilizing antioxidant effects, it is like eating
1,512 bananas or 1,023 apples for the same purpose. |
• Smaller Water Cluster Size- Appropriate
electrical charge in water causes water molecules to
form smaller groups and allows for easier hydration and
transport of vitamins and minerals.
• Higher pH, More Alkaline- This
is simple to understand as disease only forms in overly
acidic conditions (lower pH). These conditions are caused
by lifestyle and diet. Most people are overly acidic.
Anything we can do to help buffer these acidic conditions
will be beneficial.
• In addition, animal studies show
that consumption of hydrogen-rich water may help reduce
the risk for atherosclerosis… prevent stress-induced
declines in learning and memory… slow the progression
of Parkinson’s disease… prevent or ease colitis… reduce
allergic reactions… improve kidney function in
kidney transplant patients… and lessen kidney toxicity
and other side effects of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin.
Free radicals are
oxygen-contaning moleculas with an impaired
electron. They are everywhere! In fact, through
a process of oxidation in the body, our cells
extract thousands of free radicals. Having
been very reactive oxygen species, free
radicals ricochet through your body and kill
your healthy cells. If not quickly
neutralised, free radicals cause oxidative
stress a condition when cells and DNA
suffer greater damage. This ages you more rapidly
every day, wrecking total havoc on your health
One of the most interesting
findings concerning hydrogen as an antioxidant
is the discovery
that it is a novel antioxidant because
it scavenges the toxic hydroxyl radical
(the
strongest of
the oxidant species)2c and the potent
oxidant peroxynitrite (formed by the reaction
of
superoxide and nitric oxide), but is
far less effective
in scavenging physiological radicals
such as superoxide and nitric oxide, important
(at
low concentrations) as signaling molecules.2
Moreover, hydrogen is able to diffuse
extremely
rapidly into tissue and “effectively
reaches the nucleus and mitochondria,”1
suggesting “preventive effects on lifestyle-related
diseases, cancer, and the aging process.”1
Hydrogen also passes through the blood-brain
barrier, although most antioxidant compounds
cannot do this.1
|
Active
Oxygen results in leading to many diseases
such as cancer,
stroke, rheumatism, high-blood pressure, aging, arteriosclerosis, etc
|
Clinical
Improvements Obtained From Intake Of Hydrogen-Rich
Water (1985-2000)
"In November 1995 I presented a hypothesis
known by the title: ˜Water Regulating Theory (Hayashi's
Model)' in a US health magazine. It says that active
oxygen could be scavenged or reduced by atomic hydrogen,
which results in production of H2O to give again a birthplace
for every life form.
Hayashi, Hidemitsu, M.D., Water Institute, & Kawamura,
Munenori, M.D., Kyowa Medical Clinic
Improvement
of general malaise, chronic constipation & diarrhea
as well as persistent diarrhea after gastric resection
Improvement of dehydration in infants with vomiting and diarrhea caused
by viral infection
Improvement of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns
Improvement of blood sugar and HbA1c levels in diabetes
Reduced Diabetes Symptoms
In 2008, a team of Japanese researchers tested 30 subjects who had either type
2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. After eight weeks, subjects
who drank 900mL of hydrogen-rich water daily showed significan improvements
in cholesteroal and other diabetes-related symptoms. The results of this research
led the scientists to believe that hydrogen-rich water could help prevent type
2 diabetes. Source |
Improvement of peripheral circulation in
diabetic gangrene
Improvement of liver function in hepatic diseases, cirrhosis
of liver, hepatitis
Improvement of uric acid levels in gout
Improvement in Sports Performance
Better Sports Performance by Limiting Lactic Acid
When you work out intensely, your muscles contract, causing oxidative stress.
This can lead to signs of overtraining, which include muscle microinjuries,
fatigue, and inflammation.
Hydrogen is believed to be an antioxidant. Researchers in 2012 performed
a double-blined test on 10 soccer players, giving them hydrogen-rich water.
The patients given hydrogen water isntead of the placebo demonstrated lower
levels of lactate in their blood.
Source
One wonders what this might do for tired heart muscles ?
These are interesting |
Improvement of cholesterol levels
Improvement of gastroduodenal ulcers and prevention of
recurrences
Improvement of hypertensive or hypotensive disorders
Improvement of Dental Health
Better Dental Health
Tests on rats showed that drinking hydrogen-rich water could improve age-related
tooth degeneration (oxidation). Source |
Improvement of hypersensitive disorders;
urticaria (hives), atopic dermatitis, asthma, etc.
Improvement of autoimmune disorders; rheumatism, collagen
disease, SLE, etc.
Improvement of dismenorrhea, menopause symptoms
Improvement of Anti Aging Symptoms
Anti-Aging Effects
We generate molecules that do damage in our bodies
every day, whether through intense exercise,
smoking, ultraviolet exposure, pollution, aging,
or any other
types of stress. These “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) form in
the process of breathing, something we have to do every minute of every day.
Certain scientific studies have suggested that the consumption of molecular
hydrogen (which can be put into the body by drinking hydrogen-rich water) can
help with a number of issues related to ROS, including obesity, diabetes, cognitive
function, and even intestinal health. Source |
Improvement of malignant tumors; hepatoma, cancers, etc.
Improvement
of Parkinson’s
disease
Improvement
of Alzheimer’s
disease
Improvement
of Cerebrovascular
diseases
Improvement
of Heart Disease
Lourdes Water in France is well known as Miracle
Water. Scientists have it that it is good water because
lots of hydrogen and minerals are dissolved.
|
Study
the effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on 49 patients
receiving radiotherapy for malignant liver tumors
Improvement of specific diseases; Behcet Syndrome,
Crohn Disease, Kawasaki's Disease, ulcerative colitis
Experiences of pregnant women who took hydrogen-rich water during their
pregnancy; almost no emesis, smooth delivery, slight jaundice, enough
lactation, smooth and satisfactory growth of newborns
Devices to produce reduced water were introduced into our clinic in May
1985
The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan announced
in 1965 that the intake of reduced water is effective
for restoration of intestinal flora metabolism.Hayashi,
Hidemitsu, M.D."
Better
Sports Performance by Limiting Lactic Acid
When you work out intensely, your muscles contract, causing oxidative
stress. This can lead to signs of overtraining, which include muscle
microinjuries, fatigue, and inflammation.
Hydrogen is believed to be
an antioxidant. Researchers in 2012 performed
a double-blined test on 10 soccer players,
giving them hydrogen-rich water. The patients
given hydrogen water isntead of the placebo
demonstrated lower levels of lactate in their
blood. Source |
Anti-Aging Effects
We generate molecules that do damage in our bodies every day, whether
through intense exercise, smoking, ultraviolet exposure, pollution,
aging, or any other types of stress. These “reactive oxygen species” (ROS)
form in the process of breathing, something we have to do every minute
of every day.
Certain scientific studies have suggested that the consumption
of molecular hydrogen (which can be put into the body
by drinking hydrogen-rich water) can help with a number
of issues related to ROS, including obesity, diabetes,
cognitive function, and even intestinal health.Source
"After the water containing
molecular hydrogen is absorbed through the small
intestines, the H2 enters the cells of the body
and combines hydroxyl free radicals creating
a water molecule in the cells (2OH* + H2 –> 2H2O).
This is very powerful from a perspective of cellular
hydration, detoxification, and increased energy".
|
The therapeutic benefits, in what is called alkaline
water, is not from increased pH. The therapeutic benefit
of Ionized or Alkaline Water comes from molecular hydrogen.
Molecular Hydrogen has been shown in over 350 studies
to have positive effects on 150 different human diseases.
Radiation the Demon of
modern living
"As the damage caused by radiation is largely a
result of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen is a potent
scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, it is unsurprising that
studies have reported protection by hydrogen against
radiation injury.One study14 explained that “[t]he
gastrointestinal tract is one of the most susceptible
organs to radiation. As low as 1 Gy of radiation induces
a dramatic increase in apoptosis [programmed cell death]
in mouse small intestinal crypt within 3–6 h after
exposure, predominantly in the stem cell region.” In
their study, the researchers tested the protective effects
of hydrogen-rich water against gamma radiation to cultured
lymphocytes and the gastrointestinal tract in mice. In
the mice, for example, plasma SOD (superoxide dismutase)
and GSH (glutathione) concentrations were significantly
higher at 12 hours after irradiation in the hydrogen
treated group as compared to the controls. The plasma
malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation product) and intestinal
8-OHdG (a breakdown product of damaged DNA) concentrations
at 12 hours of irradiation in the hydrogen treated group
was significantly lower than that of the control group.
28 Signs That The West Coast Is Being Absolutely
Fried With Nuclear Radiation From Fukushima
In another radiation study15 by the same group published
in a different journal that same year, hydrogen-rich
water was tested for its possible protection of the heart
from damage by ionizing radiation in mice. The authors
hypothesized that the hydrogen-rich water would protect
against the hydroxyl radicals produced during irradiation.
They found decreased myocardium degeneration, decreased
myocardium malondialdehyde, decreased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
(8-OHdG) levels, and increased levels of endogenous antioxidants
in the hearts of irradiated, hydrogen-water-treated mice
as compared to irradiated but untreated mice."Durk
Pearson & Sandy Shaw
Healthy water has several advantages in the human body,
, making the skin soft, promoting proper digestion,
preventing and treating acne break outs and pimples,
gets rid of wastes in the body and certain organs need
water
such as the brain, bones, stomach, liver etc.
Adequate hydration with hydrogen-rich water pre-exercise
reduced blood lactate levels and improved exercise-induced
decline of muscle function. Although further studies
to elucidate the exact mechanisms and the benefits
are needed to be confirmed in larger series of studies,
these preliminary results may suggest that HW may be
suitable hydration for athletes.Source |
Beer doesn't hydrate. Wine
doesn't hydrate. Mineral water doesn't hydrate. Sorry
:)
Hydration at cellular level is done by osmosis, as soft
water enters the cells through the semi-permeable cell
membrane.
The best water to hydrate: •TDS = 10 to 60 ppm
(dissolved solids)
• Micro-clustered* water structure
• pH = 7.2 (slightly alkaline)
• ORP = 0 to -500 (reductive)
• rH2 = 0 - 28 (calculated value*)
• Dissolved Hydrogen = up to 1.6 ppm
Safety of
Hydrogen
Hydrogen (H2) is reported to have NO
cytotoxicity even at high concentrations.1 “The
safety of H2 for humans is demonstrated by its application
in Hydreliox, an exotic, breathing gas mixture of 49%
H2, 50% helium and 1% O2, which is used to prevent decompression
sickness and nitrogen narcosis during very deep technical
diving.”1
Effects of hydrogen have been reported in
63 disease models and human diseases (Table
1). Only two
diseases of cerebral infarction and metabolic syndrome
have been analyzed in both rodents and humans. Lack of
any adverse effects of hydrogen enabled clinical studies
even in the absence of animal studies. Some other human
studies including Parkinson’s disease are currently
in progress, and promising effects of hydrogen are expected
to emerge for many other human diseases. We also have to
elucidate molecular bases of hydrogen effects in detail.
Electric hydrogen water ionizers can produce
stronger initial ORP readings because of the creation of
short term
OH- (hydroxyl ions), The process of electrolysis produces
hydrogen in massive quantities as witnessed by the collection
of hydrogen gas bubbles in your glass when you first recieve
water from the machine.
I always drink water produced by an hydrogen water ionizer
within ten seconds after it is produced if possible. That
way, I can receive all the healthy benefits of the hydrogen
before it dissipates into the air.
Showing results for double blind studies
on hydrogen water
While people in the west are still trying
to decide whether hydrogen water is real or quackery,
people in Japan are embracing hydrogen-rich water in
droves. Look forward to more information about hydrogen-rich
water as the rest of the world learns about one of the
best-kept secrets in Japan.
Make Hydrogen Water for the Whole Family
Explanation of Terms:
TDS = Total Dissolved Solids is a measure of the combined
content of all organic and inorganic substances contained
in a liquid. High TDS levels indicate "hard water",
that can lead to scale buildup. Lower (10 - 60 pps) TDS
is "soft water" and it is considered the best
water for drinking and proper hydration.
Micro-clustered* water structure means smaller, 4 to 6
molecules per clusters.
That is an ideal, smaller cluster size, that can be absorbed more easily via
osmosis.
pH = negative logarithm of hydrogen-ion concentration
and it shows whether a solution is acidic or alkaline.
pH values range from 0 to 14. Neutral, pure water has a value of pH = 7.
Acidic solutions have pH = 0 to 7, alkaline solutions have pH = 7 to 14 values.
ORP = Oxidation / Reduction Potential (Reduction Potential
or Redox Potential) is a measure of tendency of chemical
species to either acquire or donate electrons. Oxidative
agents (like free radicals) need and acquire electrons.
Reductive agents (antioxidants) have and donate electrons.
ORP is measured in millivolts (mV) (mV).
Positive values (+200 mV to +500 mV) represent oxidation
potential.
Neutral value is around +200 mV, assuming neutral pH=7
value.
Lower and negative values (+200 mV to -500 mV) represent
the greater reduction (antioxidant) potential.
rH2 = Relative Hydrogen Score shows the true reduction
potential, electron concentration / electron activity in
a solution
Molecular Bases of Hydrogen Effects for the scientificaly
minded
"Effects of hydrogen on various diseases have been attributed
to four major molecular mechanisms: a specific scavenging
activity of? hydroxyl radical, a scavenging activity of
peroxynitrite, alterations of gene expressions, and signal-modulating
activities. The four mechanisms are not mutually exclusive
and some of them may be causally associated with other
mechanisms.
The first molecular mechanism identified for hydrogen
was its specific scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical
[6].
Indeed, oxidative stress markers like 8-OHdG, 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal
(4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARSs) are decreased in all the examined
patients and rodents. As hydrogen can easily dissipate
in exhalation, hydrogen in drinking water is able to stay
in human and rodent bodies in less than 10?min (unpublished
data). Hydrogen, however, can bind to glycogen, and the
dwell time of hydrogen is prolonged in rat liver after
food intake [33]. A question still remains if mice and
humans can take a sufficient amount of hydrogen that efficiently
scavenges hydroxyl radicals that are continuously generated
in normal and disease states.
Another molecular mechanism of hydrogen effect is its
peroxynitrite-() scavenging activity [6]. Although hydrogen
cannot eliminate
peroxynitrite as efficiently as hydroxyl radical in vitro
[6], hydrogen can efficiently reduce nitric-oxide-(NO-)
induced production of nitrotyrosine in rodents [34–38].
NO is a gaseous molecule that also exerts therapeutic effects
including relaxation of blood vessels and inhibition of
platelet aggregation [39]. NO, however, is also toxic at
higher concentrations because NO leads to -mediated production
of nitrotyrosine, which compromises protein functions.
A part of hydrogen effects may thus be attributed to the
reduced production of nitrotyrosine.
Expression profiling of rat liver demonstrated that hydrogen
has a minimal effect on expression levels of individual
genes in normal rats [40]. Gene ontology analysis, however,
revealed that oxidoreduction-related genes were upregulated.
In disease models of rodents, expression of individual
genes and proteins is analyzed. In many disease models,
hydrogen downregulated proinflammatory cytokines including
tumor necrosis-factor-(TNF-)??, interleukin-(IL-) 1ß,
IL-6, IL-12, interferon-(IFN-)??, and high mobility group
box 1 (HMGB1) [4, 23, 24, 36, 41–59]. Hydrogen also
downregulated nuclear factors including nuclear factor
kappa B (NFB), JNK, and proliferation cell nuclear antigen
(PCNA) [24, 44, 50, 55, 60–63]. Caspases were also
downregulated [10, 55–57, 62, 64, 65]. Other interesting
molecules studied to date include vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) [15]; MMP2 and MMP9 [34]; brain natriuretic
peptide [48]; intercellular-adhesion-molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
and myeloperoxidase [36]; B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and
Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) [60]; MMP3 and MMP13 [38];
cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), neuronal nitric oxide synthase
(nNOS), and connexins 30 and 43 [66]; ionized calcium binding
adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) [52]; fibroblast growth factor
21 (FGF21) [33]. Most molecules, however, are probably
passengers that are secondarily changed by hydrogen administration,
and some are potentially direct targets of hydrogen effects,
which need to be identified in the future.
Using rat RBL-2H3 mast cells, we demonstrated that hydrogen
attenuates phosphorylation of FceRI-associated Lyn and
its downstream signaling molecules [64]. As phosphorylation
of Lyn is again regulated by the downstream signaling
molecules and makes a loop of signal transduction pathways,
we could
not identify the exact target of hydrogen. Our study
also demonstrated that hydrogen ameliorates an immediate-type
allergic reaction not by radical-scavenging activity
but
by direct modulation of signaling pathway(s). In addition,
using murine RAW264 macrophage cells, we demonstrated
that hydrogen reduces LPS/IFN-induced NO production [67].
We
found that hydrogen inhibits phosphorylation of ASK1
and its downstream signaling molecules, p38 MAP kinase,
JNK,
and IB??without affecting ROS production by NADPH oxidase.
Both studies point to a notion that hydrogen is a gaseous
signal modulator. More animal and cells models are expected
to be explored to confirm that hydrogen exerts its beneficial
effect as a signal modulator." Source
1: Ohta. Recent progress toward hydrogen medicine: potential
of molecular hydrogen for preventive and therapeutic applications.
Curr Pharm Des 17:2241-52 (2011).
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