Everyone needs it, but not everyone gets enough of it. It’s not sex; it’s sleep. Humans are animals requiring sleep to continue the daily routine: school, work, gym, internship, family, friends, and so on.

Sleep disorders are a highly common medical issue that affects millions of people each year. While some people suffer from mild sleeping problems, such as the occasional nightmare, others have extremely severe sleep disorders that can negatively affect their health if left untreated.

At some point in life, you are likely to suffer from lack of sleep. However, while your lifestyle, work demands and family responsibilities may keep you from getting the sleep you need, a chronic lack of sleep can trigger the development of serious conditions, including heart disease, depression and hypertension. Common symptoms of lack of sleep include fatigue, blurry vision and irritability.

In fact, 95 percent of people suffering from a sleep disorder remain undiagnosed. This staggering number means that a huge number of people aren’t getting the treatment they need, putting them in danger of permanently damaging their health.

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Do you Wake Up Tired?

Your Sleep Doesn't feel Restorative ?

"In today’s “Health Journal” column, Melinda Beck reports that many people who think they are getting enough shut-eye may actually be getting poor quality sleep, with not enough of the restorative phases. The REM, or Rapid Eye Movement phase, in which dreaming occurs, is crucial for preserving memories, learning, creativity, problem solving and emotional balance, while deep, or slow-wave sleep, when the body releases human growth hormone, is necessary for physical development and repair. However, both of these sleep phases decline with age and are vulnerable to disruptions, including caffeine, alcohol and anxiety (which can even include anxiety about lack of sleep).

How do you know if you haven’t gotten enough restorative sleep?
One tip-off is if you have trouble waking up in the morning and feel excessively sleepy during the day". Source

 

 

Click to enlarge

Insomnia

Insomnia is a sleep problem that is defined as inadequate or poor-quality sleep due to difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, waking up too early and not being able to get back to sleep and/or waking up feeling unrefreshed. According to NSF poll data, insomnia is the most common of all sleep problems and affects approximately 58 percent of adults.

There data also show that while insomnia affects people of nearly every demographic, it is especially prevalent among elderly adults; sixty-seven percent of older adults (age 65 and older) report that they have trouble sleeping at least a few nights a week. Women, who experience higher rates of anxiety and depression and hormonal fluctuations associated with menstruation, pregnancy and menopause, are also more likely to suffer from insomnia than men, according to the National Institutes of Health.

Negative impact od jobs on Sleep, shift workers are feeling the effects of their schedules. A study of 437 day workers and 246 rotating shift workers at the Universidad de Buenos Aires in Argentina found that shift workers have seriously lower levels of serotonin, a hormone that plays a role in regulating sleep and mood, than their day-working counterparts. Unfortunately, lower levels of serotonin are associated with anger, depression, and anxiety, as well as poor sleep. Another study, conducted by Harvard Medical School—this one of more than 78,000 women who worked rotating night shifts over a 10-year period—found that shift work significantly increased a woman’s risk of breast cancer. A second team of Harvard researchers studied the same group, and they found that women who worked a rotating night shift at least three nights per month for 15 or more years had an increased risk of colorectal cancer. And a third team of Harvard researchers studied more than 53,000 women who worked rotating shifts and found that night work increased the women’s risk of endometrial cancer by 47 percent—and actually doubled the risk of endometrial cancer in obese shift workers. It’s this type of research that led the World Health Organization late in 2007 to classify shift work as a “probable” cause of cancer—a position that the American Cancer Society indicates it is likely to follow

It’s a seemingly insignificant deficit, but two hours of sleep loss, studies report, have the same effect on your brain as knocking back two or three 12-ounce beers. It’s also an amount that week after week, year after year, may build up to a huge effect.

 

Disrupted Sleep
Any condition in which your sleep doesn’t follow the typical sleep phase cycle or doesn’t stay in one or more cycles for long enough is a disrupted sleep disorder. Those who have disrupted sleep tend to not only get less sleep but also to not experience as deep of sleep. Unfortunately, this often means that these individuals don’t reach the levels of sleep necessary to be considered “restorative sleep.”

Give your Wife or Mum the gift of sleep That sleepless night that makes you grouchy and tired the next day can be a killer — literally. New research shows that getting less than 5 hours of sleep a night increases your risk of death from cardiovascular disease. In a study of 4,600 men and women aged 35 to 55, researchers at University College London and the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom found that women who slept less than 8 hours per night had a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than men. Differences in hormone levels may play a role. According to data recently published in the journal Sleep, women who slept less than 5 hours per night had significantly higher levels of the inflammatory markers that are indicators for heart disease. Source

Sleep deprivation

A considerable amount of sleep-related behavior is apparently hard-wired into human biology - humans in all cultures get tired, require sleep for good health, and have similar symptoms when sleep deprived

The body and brain require adequate hours of sleep to perform optimally. Sleep deprivation is a medical condition that affects the normal functioning of the body and brain due to lack of sleep. Though it is not considered a disorder, sleep deprivation can effect general well-being. Problems like weak memory, hand-eye co-ordination and reasoning abilities can surface during bouts of sleep deprivation.

Indications of sleep deprivation include drowsiness during the day, brief spells of sleep and falling into sleep immediately after lying down. Sleep deprivation needs to be addressed as prolonged periods may affect the immune system

The long term consequences of sleep deprivation affect the restorative functions of the body, decreasing the quality of life. Symptoms for these sleep disorders include the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, breathing or snoring problems, frequent awakenings, stops in breathing during sleep, dozing off in day activities, difficulty concentrating, excessive sleepiness, profuse sweating, excessive limb movements during sleep, leg cramps or “crawling” feelings, or abnormal behavior at night. Despite the fact about 70 million Americans suffer from a sleep disorder, many cases remain undiagnosed.

Sleep Deprivation causes:

Not allowing enough time for sleep
Sleep disorders
Constant worry or stress
Repeated awakenings (noisy, loud roommates or neighbors)
Night shifts
Crossing time zones (frequent flyers)
Medical illness causing pain, difficulty breathing, etc. (asthma, flu, common cold, sports injury, etc.)

Sleep deprived symptoms:

Sleep deprivation - As a cause of death, Sleep deprivation - As a cause of depression, Sleep deprivation - As a cause of diabetes, Sleep deprivation - As a cause of obesity, Sleep deprivation - Effects on growth, Sleep deprivation - Effects on the brain, Sleep deprivation - Impairment of ability,

During sleep, our bodies perform a number of functions which are triggered by the night-time hormone called melatonin. This hormone slows down the body’s respiratory system, and clears our cells of toxins. So when we do not get the sleep at night, this hormone is not activated, and we become more susceptible to various health problems.

Prolonged periods of sleep deprivation can lead to memory loss, nausea and a weaker immune system. Sleep deprived persons are also known to succumb to
delirium,
hallucinations,
nausea,
alcoholism,
involuntary rapid eye movement,
slurred speech
weight gain

Sleep deprivation also affects our ability to perform physical tasks. Workers on night shift show not just declining performance but also difficulty in comprehending commands. Physical symptoms include awkwardness in walking, picking up and lifting objects.

One of the serious consequences of sleep deprivation is on the body’s ability to absorb glucose, leading to Type 2 diabetes. As serious is the impact on the functioning of the brain. Studies have proved that inadequate sleep affects memory performance.

Heart disease and mental ailments like bipolar disorder and psychosis have been linked to sleep deprivation. Rapid eye movement (REM) is also believed to aggravate clinical depression in affected persons. As for children, inadequate sleep is often the reason for their irritability and display of violent moods.

 

Trouble waking up on time
Falling asleep or getting extremely sleepy during activities such as driving

Studies show that 85 percent of police officers, 80 percent of regional pilots, and 48 percent of air-traffic controllers nod off on the job. And a frightening 41 percent of medical workers admit they’ve made fatigue-related errors. In one survey alone, 19 percent report “worsening” a patient’s condition. What’s more, the Exxon Valdez grounding, the space shuttle Challenger accident, and the Three Mile Island nuclear accident have all been blamed, at least in part, on fatigue related to sleep loss.

Having a hard time staying awake
Needing a day-time nap
Short-term memory loss

A 2001 study at Chicago Medical Institute suggested that sleep deprivation may be linked to more serious diseases, such as heart disease and mental illnesses including psychosis and bipolar disorder.[18] The link between sleep deprivation and psychosis (psychiatric disorders) was further documented in 2007 through a study at Harvard Medical School and the University of California at Berkeley. The study revealed, using MRI scans, that lack of sleep causes the brain to become incapable of putting an emotional event into the proper perspective and incapable of making a controlled, suitable response to the event...

Uncontrolled emotional responses
It has long been suspected that sleep deprivation can have significant effect on mood. Many of us feel irritable and distractible if we haven’t slept enough, and you may have had the experience of being up all night and feeling a little bit “high” in the morning. It has also been known for centuries that mood disorders are very commonly associated with sleep disturbances, and sleep disturbance is often the first sign that someone with mood problems is running into trouble. So mood and sleep must be linked in some way.

Dark circles under the eyes, aching muscles, dizziness, headaches, hyperactivity and hypertension are other symptoms sleep deprived persons are know to suffer from.
Physiological effects
When you are suffering from insomnia, the physical effects of sleep deprivation include exhaustion, fatigue and a general lack of energy. These might seem somewhat obvious, but it then translates into even bigger problems, such as emotional instability, mood swings, stress, pessimism, and anger. Recent studies have shown that those who are too tired to drive have the same characteristics as those who have a high blood alcohol level, and another study found that those who feel like they are going to fall asleep are actually worse drivers than those who get behind the wheel when they are drunk. These effects include slow mental capacity, being tired at intermittent times, cramps on your muscles, and an inability to focus or concentrate on tasks. Among the physical effects of sleep deprivation that are the worst is the inability for the body to metabolize glucose. This results in physical effects that are similar to aging and diabetes in its early stages. Being sleep deprived on a regular basis can decrease the stretchiness of your skin, which can lead to wrinkles. Your skin's pigment can also change if you don't get enough sleep. In addition, your eyesight can suffer, and you can get those dark circles under your eyes. Some people who have not gotten enough rest even suffer from color blindness.

A 1999 study[21] found that sleep deprivation resulted in reduced cortisol secretion the next day, driven by increased subsequent slow-wave sleep. Sleep deprivation was found to enhance activity on the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (which controls reactions to stress and regulates body functions such as digestion, the immune system, mood, sex, or energy usage) while suppressing growth hormones. The results supported previous studies, which observed adrenal insufficiency in idiopathic hypersomnia.

 

Diabetes
In 2005, a study of over 1400 participants showed that participants who habitually slept few hours were more likely to have associations with Diabetes Type 2

Effects on the brain
Sleep deprivation can adversely affect brain function.[16] A 2000 study, by the UCSD School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in San Diego, used also functional magnetic resonance imaging technology to monitor activity in the brains of sleep-deprived subjects performing simple verbal learning tasks.[17] The study showed that regions of the brain's prefrontal cortex displayed more activity in sleepier subjects. Depending on the task at hand, the brain would sometimes attempt to compensate for the adverse effects caused by lack of sleep.

Effects on growth
Loss of sleep may serve to decrease nocturnal IL-6 levels, with effects on the integrity of immune system functioning. Alternatively, given the association between sleep stages and IL-6 levels, depressed or aged populations who show increased amounts of REM sleep and a relative loss of slow wave sleep may have elevated nocturnal concentrations of IL-6 with implications for inflammatory disease risk. Source
Effects on the healing process
Without proper sleep, the body can not recovery and rejuvenate for the next day. Sleep deprivation is a stress induced complication but can also lead to additional stress upon the body. For individuals who suffer from injury, sleep deprivation can have an adverse affect on the healing and recovery process.source
Attention
Impairment of ability
A 2000 study by the UCSD School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in San Diego, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor activity in the brains of sleep-deprived subjects performing simple verbal learning tasks. The study showed that regions of the brain’s prefrontal cortex (PFC) displayed more activity in sleepier subjects. Depending on the task at hand, in some cases the brain attempts to compensate for the adverse effects caused by lack of sleep.
Obesity
Research by Warwick Medical School at the University of Warwick has found that sleep deprivation is associated with an almost a two-fold increased risk of being obese for both children and adults.Source

Aging
A University of California, San Diego, psychiatry study of more than one million adults found that people who live the longest self-report sleeping for six to seven hours each night.[19] Another study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women showed similar results.[20] Other studies show that "sleeping more than 7 to 8 hours per day has been consistently associated with increased mortality,"

The Gift of Sleep

CES reduces time to fall asleep, increases time spent in deepest sleep and, the amount of time in bed, spent asleep. It also reduces confusion and bewilderment and increases IQ in recovering addicts.

Studies discovered that while Cranial Electrotherapy does not always"put a person to sleep", it does accomplish some very therapeutic changes in the sleep patterns of people who complain of insomnia. The studies below show that whether measured by the patient's own ratings, psychiatrists ratings or by electroencephalograph or polygraph recordings before and after Cranial Electrotherapy treatments, the following effects of CES in insomnia can be expected:

1. Sleep onset latency is reduced. That is, once a person has retired for the evening, the amount of time it takes him to actually fall asleep is reduced from one to two hours or more to the more normal twenty minutes or less.

2. The number of awakenings during the night are reduced. That is, while most insomniacs awaken three or more times during the night and have difficulty falling asleep again, those treated with Cranial Electrotherapy typically awaken no more than once or twice following therapy, with most reporting no awakenings. Furthermore, after awakening, they return to sleep much more promptly than before

3. Cranial Electrotherapy treated patients spend more time in stage four sleep following CES treatments. That is, patients spend more time in the deepest, most restful stage of sleep than they did prior to Cranial Electrotherapy treatment. It should be noted that some patients who have deprived themselves of REM sleep - the stage during which dreaming occurs - by taking drugs or alcohol as a sleeping aid, sometimes spend the first two or three nights in unusually vivid dream states when first starting CES treatments. This is considered another indication of the therapeutic effectiveness of Cranial Electrotherapy in that persons are known to become increasingly disorganized mentally, some even to the point of psychotic-like symptoms, when they do not engage in the normal amount of dreaming.

4. Finally, it was discovered that many patients receiving Cranial Electrotherapy treatments report feeling more rested when they awaken in the morning following Cranial Electrotherapy treatments.

Treatment parameters: While some patients begin to respond after the second or third day of treatment, others do not have their best response with fewer than 24 days of treatments lasting from 15 minutes to 1 hour. The beneficial effects have been measured in some experimental groups for as long as two years. Some people with insomnia have a habitual pattern of responding to situational stress with an interruption in their sleep patterns. The best results are obtained when Cranial Electrotherapy is used each time unusual stressors occur in their life situations that would ordinarily cause poor sleep. The Cranial Electrotherapy device user is thereby trained over time to expect a good night's sleep no matter what stressful interruptions occurred in the normal flow of daily life.

 

 

Sleep-Mate Built in Sleep Programs Just clip it on your Ear lobes sit back close your eyes and enjoy

26 mins aprox	Catnap	Takes you down into Delta holds you there for 10 mins then brings you back up
20 Mins aprox	Sleep	Takes you down to 5hz then lets your drop off naturaly
23 Mins aprox	Insomnia	Takes you way down to 0.05 hz very low delta your body will do the rest
15 mins Aprox	Wake up	Feeling Drowsey need to wake up, become more alert
		Fully portable with Rechargable batteries included The gift of Sleep

	SLEEP-MATE3 Just clip it on your Ear lobes sit back close your eyes and encourage new sleep patterns Usually $NZ299.95 Now Only
Click picture for Driver Specs	ADD ON Magnetic field Generator Head Set and Driver for the Sleep mate Make your sleep mate Even more powerful Will Also fit the BT systems BT Plus BTPlus AV BTPlus Pro And most other CES units Could also be used with our portable Rife unit The terms of sale Please Read them before you order.

 

MORE SCIENTIFIC INFO

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Apr;21(2):219-24. Related Articles, Links [Study on the influence of simulative EEG modulation magnetic field on the discharge of median raphe nuclei]

 

Wang M, Li Y, Wang X, Guo M.

College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

In this paper the response characteristic of the nerve fiber to the modulation magnetic field induction is studied by using the method of numeric simulation. It is found that the nerve fiber is sensitive to the low frequency modulated signal but not to the high frequency carrier wave. A simulative EEG signal generator is developed according to the change of EEG rhythm during the sleep. The simulative EEG square wave is modulated by high-frequency magnetic impulse. The modulation magnetic field is coupled into the rabbit's brain to study the influence of magnetic stimulation on the discharge of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nerve cell. The experiment results demonstrate that discharge frequency of median raphe nuclei related to sleep changes significantly and the discharge becomes slow, which shows that magnetic stimulation can inhibit electrical activity of 5-HT nerve cell and provide a new way to improve insomnia.

PMID: 15143544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sleep. 1996 May;19(4):327-36.

Effects of low energy emission therapy in chronic psychophysiological insomnia.

Pasche B, Erman M, Hayduk R, Mitler MM, Reite M, Higgs L, Kuster N, Rossel C, Dafni U, Amato D, Barbault A, Lebet JP.

Symtonic USA, Inc., New York, New York 10162, USA.

The treatment of chronic psychophysiological insomnia presents a challenge that has not been met using currently available pharmacotherapy. Low energy emission therapy (LEET) has been developed as a potential alternative therapy for this disorder. LEET consists of amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields delivered intrabuccally by means of an electrically conducting mouthpiece in direct contact with the oral mucosa. The effect of LEET on chronic psychophysiological insomnia was assessed with polysomnography (PSG) and sleep rating forms on a total of 106 patients at two different centers. Active or inactive LEET was administered for 20 minutes in late afternoon three times a week for a total of 12 treatments. Primary efficacy endpoints evaluating the results were changes from baseline in PSG-assessed total sleep time (TST) and sleep latency (SL). Secondary endpoints were changes in sleep efficiency (SE), sleep stages, and reports by the subjects of SL and TST. There was a significant increase in TST as assessed by PSG between baseline and post-treatment values for the active treatment group (76.0 +/- 11.1 minutes, p=0.0001). The increase for the inactive treatment group was not statistically significant. The TST improvement was significantly greater for the active group when compared to the inactive group (adjusted for baseline TST; p=0.020. R1=0.20). There was a significant decrease in SL as assessed by PSG between baseline and post-treatment values for the active treatment group (-21.6 +/- 5.9 minutes, p=0.0006), whereas the decrease noted for the inactive treatment group was not statistically significant. The difference in SL decrease between the two treatment groups was marginally significant (adjusted for baseline SL and center, p=0.068, R2=0.60). The number of sleep cycles per night increased by 30% after active treatment (p=0.0001) but was unchanged following inactive treatment. Subjects did not experience rebound insomnia, and there were no significant side effects. The data presented in this report indicate that LEET administered for 20 minutes three times a week increased TST and reduced SL in chronic psychophysiological insomnia. LEET is safe and well tolerated and it effectively improved the sleep of chronic insomniacs given 12 treatments over a 4-week period by increasing the number of sleep cycles without altering the percentage of the various sleep stages during the night. The therapeutic action of LEET differs from that of currently available drug therapies in that the sleep pattern noted in insomniacs following LEET treatment more closely resembles nocturnal physiological sleep. This novel treatment may offer an attractive alternative therapy for chronic insomnia.

PMID: 8776791 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(1):67-75.

Sleep inducing effect of low energy emission therapy.

Reite M, Higgs L, Lebet JP, Barbault A, Rossel C, Kuster N, Dafni U, Amato D, Pasche B.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.

The sleep inducing effect of a 15 min treatment with either an active or an inactive Low Energy Emission Therapy (LEET) device emitting amplitude-modulated electromagnetic (EM) fields was investigated in a double-blind cross-over study performed on 52 healthy subjects. All subjects were exposed to both active and inactive LEET treatment sessions, with an interval of at least 1 week between the two sessions. LEET consists of 27.12 MHz amplitude-modulated (sine wave) EM fields emitted intrabuccally by means of an electrically conducting mouthpiece in direct contact with the oral mucosa. The estimated local peak SAR is less than 10 W/kg in the oral mucosa and 0.1 to 100 mW/kg in brain tissue. No appreciable sensation is experienced during treatment, and subjects are therefore unable to tell whether they are receiving an active or an inactive treatment. In this study the active treatment consisted of EM fields intermittently amplitude-modulated (sine wave) at 42.7 Hz for 3 s followed by a pause of 1 s during which no EM fields were emitted. During the inactive treatment no EM fields were emitted. Baseline EEGs were obtained and 15 min post-treatment EEGs were recorded and analyzed according to the Loomis classification. A significant decrease (paired t test) in sleep latency to stage B2 (-1.78 +/- 5.57 min, P=0.013), and an increase in the total duration of stage B2 (1.15 +/- 2.47 min, P=0.0008) were observed on active treatment as compared with inactive treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 8155071 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Med Pr. 1983;34(1):65-73. Related Articles, Links

[Health status of the workers exposed to strong, constant magnetic fields]

[Article in Polish]

Lankosz J, Tokarz J, Weselucha P, Ochmanski W, Gzyl E, Barbaro B, Gatarski J, Drozdzewicz L, Kielar I.

Forty two workers underwent examinations under clinical conditions. The workers were affected by the magnetic field of intensities ranging between 112-190 Gauss, depending on the workplace. They underwent internal, ophthalmological, psychological, psychiatric and analytical examinations and the health status of those exposed was compared to that of twenty controls. Most subjects, mainly those of long length of employment in e-m fields exposure, exhibited nonspecific abdominal pains, general weakness, insomnia, increased thirst and conjunctivitis.

PMID: 6865739 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Entrez-PubMed is a search and retrieval system that integrates information from databases at U.S. National Center of Biotechnology Information; the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.

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Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2002 Apr 19;127(16):872
Sleep disorders caused by electrosmog?
Schweisfurth H.
Klinikum, Thiemstrasse 111, 03048 Cottbus.
Adv Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):174-80.
Impulse magnetic-field therapy for insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Pelka RB, Jaenicke C, Gruenwald J.
Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen Neubiberg/Munich, Germany.
70% (n=34) of the patients given active treatment experienced substantial or even complete relief of their complaints; 24% (n=12) reported clear improvement; 6% (n=3) noted a slight improvement.

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002 Summer;14(3):270-6.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression.
Rosenberg PB, Mehndiratta RB, Mehndiratta YP, Wamer A, Rosse RB, Balish M.
Mental Health Service Line, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
Seventy-five percent of the patients had a clinically significant antidepressant response after rTMS, and 50% had sustained response at 2-month follow-up. Comparable improvements were seen in anxiety, hostility, and insomnia, but only minimal improvement in PTSD symptoms. Left frontal cortical rTMS may have promise for treating depression in PTSD, but there may be a dissociation between treating mood and treating core PTSD symptoms.
about 100 tms/rtms studies at rTMS/TMS

Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;29(1):125-33
Investigation of brain potentials in sleeping humans exposed to the electromagnetic field of mobile phones.
Lebedeva NN, Sulimov AV, Sulimova OP, Korotkovskaya TI, Gailus T.
Institute of Higher Nerve Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Clin Neurophysiol. 2000 Nov;111(11):1936-41.
Nocturnal magnetic field exposure: gender-specific effects on heart rate variability and sleep.
Graham C, Sastre A, Cook MR, Gerkovich MM.
Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.

Med Hypotheses 2000 Apr;54(4):630-3
The effects of natural and man-made electromagnetic fields on mood and behavior: the role of sleep disturbances.
Sher L.
The author further suggests that the development of sleep abnormalities in persons exposed to artificial electromagnetic fields may predict the onset of a psychiatric disorder at a later time and that early intervention may prevent the onset of a psychiatric disease.

J Sleep Res. 1999 Mar;8(1):77-81.
A 50-Hz electromagnetic field impairs sleep.
Akerstedt T, Arnetz B, Ficca G, Paulsson LE, Kallner A.
National Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Int J Neurosci. 1991 Aug;59(4):259-62.
Age-related disruption of circadian rhythms: possible relationship to memory impairment and implications for therapy with magnetic fields.
Sandyk R, Anninos PA, Tsagas N.
Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461.

Sleep. 1996 May;19(4):327-36.
Effects of low energy emission therapy in chronic psychophysiological insomnia.
Pasche B, Erman M, Hayduk R, Mitler MM, Reite M, Higgs L, Kuster N, Rossel C, Dafni U, Amato D, Barbault A, Lebet JP.
The number of sleep cycles per night increased by 30% after active treatment (p=0.0001) but was unchanged following inactive treatment. Subjects did not experience rebound insomnia, and there were no significant side effects. The data presented in this report indicate that LEET administered for 20 minutes three times a week increased TST and reduced SL in chronic psychophysiological insomnia. LEET is safe and well tolerated and it effectively improved the sleep of chronic insomniacs given 12 treatments over a 4-week period by increasing the number of sleep cycles without altering the percentage of the various sleep stages during the night. The therapeutic action of LEET differs from that of currently available drug therapies in that the sleep pattern noted in insomniacs following LEET treatment more closely resembles nocturnal physiological sleep. This novel treatment may offer an attractive alternative therapy for chronic insomnia.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(1):67-75. Related Articles, Links
Sleep inducing effect of low energy emission therapy.
Reite M, Higgs L, Lebet JP, Barbault A, Rossel C, Kuster N, Dafni U, Amato D, Pasche B.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.
The sleep inducing effect of a 15 min treatment with either an active or an inactive Low Energy Emission Therapy (LEET) device emitting amplitude-modulated electromagnetic (EM) fields was investigated in a double-blind cross-over study performed on 52 healthy subjects. A significant decrease (paired t test) in sleep latency to stage B2 (-1.78 +/- 5.57 min, P=0.013), and an increase in the total duration of stage B2 (1.15 +/- 2.47 min, P=0.0008) were observed on active treatment as compared with inactive treatment.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Med Pr. 1983;34(1):65-73.
[Health status of the workers exposed to strong, constant magnetic fields]
[Article in Polish]
Lankosz J, Tokarz J, Weselucha P, Ochmanski W, Gzyl E, Barbaro B, Gatarski J, Drozdzewicz L, Kielar I.
Forty two workers underwent examinations under clinical conditions. Most subjects, mainly those of long length of employment in e-m fields exposure, exhibited nonspecific abdominal pains, general weakness, insomnia, increased thirst and conjunctivitis.
PMID: 6865739 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cesk Neurol Neurochir. 1976 Jan;39(1):1-11. Related Articles, Links
[Use of magnetic fields and electronic noise in the treatment of insomnia and neurosis]
[Article in Czech]
Grunner O.
PMID: 1082800 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arch Mal Prof. 1971 Oct-Nov;32(10):679-83. Related Articles, Links
[Study of biological disturbances in O.R.T.F. technicians in some high-frequency electromagnetic fields]
[Article in French]
Deroche M.
PMID: 5290081

Wang M, Li Y, Wang X, Guo M. Related Articles, Links
[Study on the influence of simulative EEG modulation magnetic field on the discharge of median raphe nuclei]
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Apr;21(2):219-24. Chinese.
PMID: 15143544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2: Jouvet M. Related Articles, Links
Sleep and serotonin: an unfinished story.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Aug;21(2 Suppl):24S-27S. Review.
PMID: 10432485 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3: Ootsuka Y, Blessing WW. Related Articles, Links
Activation of slowly conducting medullary raphe-spinal neurons, including serotonergic neurons, increases cutaneous sympathetic vasomotor discharge in rabbit.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Apr;288(4):R909-18. Epub 2004 Nov 18.
PMID: 15550616 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4: Puizillout JJ, Gaudin-Chazal G, Sayadi A, Vigier D. Related Articles, Links
Serotoninergic mechanisms and sleep.
J Physiol (Paris). 1981;77(2-3):415-24. Review.
PMID: 6457142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

5: Puizillout JJ, Gaudin-Chazal G, Daszuta A, Seyfritz N, Ternaux JP. Related Articles, Links
Release of endogenous serotonin from "encephale isole" cats. II - Correlations with raphe neuronal activity and sleep and wakefulness.
J Physiol (Paris). 1979;75(5):531-7.
PMID: 533869 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

6: Khanbabian MV, Kirakosian MP, Sarkisian RSh, Gevorkian AP. Related Articles, Links
[Influence of the medial raphe nucleus damage on discharge activity of the central and bazolateral nuclei of the amygdala]
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2004 Sep-Oct;54(5):698-704. Russian.
PMID: 15573707 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

7: Foo H, Mason P. Related Articles, Links
Brainstem modulation of pain during sleep and waking.
Sleep Med Rev. 2003 Apr;7(2):145-54. Review.
PMID: 12628215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

8: Kloiber O, Okada Y, Hossmann KA. Related Articles, Links
[A 4.7 T static magnetic field has no effect on the electric activity of the brain in cats]
EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb. 1990 Dec;21(4):229-32. German.
PMID: 2127012 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

9: Petrova EV, Guliaeva NV, Titarov SI, Rozhnov IuV, Koval'zon VM. Related Articles, Links
[Effect of impulse extrabroad-band electromagnetic radiation on electroencephalogram and sleep in laboratory animals]
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2003 Jul;89(7):786-94. Russian.
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