TENS:Transcutaneous Electrostimulation

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) currently is one of the most commonly used forms of electroanalgesia. Hundreds of clinical reports exist concerning the use of TENS for various types of conditions, such as low back pain (LBP), myofascial and arthritic pain, sympathetically mediated pain, bladder incontinence, neurogenic pain, visceral pain, and postsurgical pain.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) consists of an electrical pulse generator connected by wire to two or more electrodes that apply electrical stimulation to the surface of the skin at the site of pain. The stimulation of sensory nerves is intended to block pain signals and may also generate endorphins. TENS has been used to reduce chronic intractable pain, post-surgical pain, and pain associated with active or post-trauma injury unresponsive to other standard pain therapies. .

Transcutaneous Electrostimulation: Emerging Treatment for Diabetic Neuropathic Pain

Michael Alvaro, Dinesh Kumar, Inderjeet S. Julka
Three independent studies utilizing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to relieve diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain were reviewed. The proprietary equipment, an H-wave machine, administered all electrotherapy. The first two studies assessed the efficacy of electrotherapy alone and electrotherapy with amitriptyline. The treated electrotherapy group reported an overall greater reduction of symptoms, 52% with 2-3 weeks of active treatment. Amitriptyline alone produced a 26% reduction of pain after 4 weeks. The addition of active electrotherapy to amitriptyline produced a 66% reduction of pain. The final study looked at patients who have utilized electrotherapy for over one year. A reported 44% improvement of symptoms was attained with continuous electrotherapy treatment. The data also suggested that a maintenance treatment protocol for long-term pain relief would have to be developed.

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) is also a widely applied technique for muscle atrophy treatment, muscle force training, endurance training, pain treatment, functional movement therapy, and the restoration of motor functions.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrostimulation on Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift

1Department of Otolaryngology, Meiji College of Oriental Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

†Correspondence: Masayoshi Tachibana, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Building 36, Room 5D-08, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

The effect of transcutaneous electrostimulation around the ear before and during noise exposure on noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS) was examined in 26 volunteers. Electrostimulation reduced TTS in the majority of cases and the reduction was statistically significant. Two possible mechanisms for this reduction are proposed: stimulation of the olivocochlear bundle and alteration of cochlear blood flow. Transcutaneous electrostimulation may be useful for prevention or treatment of noise induced hearing damage and for treatment of tinnitus

Cranial electrostimulation for headache: meta-analysis. McCrory DC More

Treatment is given with TENS Re-usable silicon pads applied to the points in the Diagrams (supplied)

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