The Amazing Healing Power Of Hydrogen Water

The Amazing Healing Power Of Hydrogen Water

"An important scientific innovation rarely makes its way by gradually winning over and
converting its opponents. What does happen is that its opponents gradually die out and that
the growing generation is familiar with the idea from the beginning. "
Max Planck

What if told you there was a product that looked like water, and felt like water and is water but detoxed your body so amazingly that you wouldn't need to follow it up with to much else? You'd think I was crazy, right?

But what if I told you that japanese men and women – the high priests and priestesses of longlife spans – have been using and raving about this amazing water for years?

And what if ii told you that the waters from the largest natural healing centres like Lourdes in france,Tlacote in Mexico,Nadana village India etc were high in hydrogen... Now , do I have your attention.:)

Dr. [Kim Young] Kwi (scientist and researcher for 25 years) had the opportunity to test and subsequently provide insight into the waters of Lourdes, France. Samples of the water were analyzed and compared to ordinary water. Here is what Dr. Kim Young had to say about the “miracle” waters of Lourdes:

“The Lourdes water was found to have a higher concentration of activated hydrogen than regular water, which may be responsible for restoring health to cells damaged by oxidation”

 

One of the most satisfying feelings I know – and also one of the most growth-promoting experiences for the other person – comes from my appreciating this individual in the same way that I appreciate a sunset. People are just wonderful as sunsets if I can let them be. In fact, perhaps the reason we can truly appreciate a sunset is that we cannot control it. When I look at a sunset as I did the other evening, I don’t find myself saying, “Soften the orange a little on the right hand corner, and put a bit more purple along the base, and use a little more pink in the cloud color.” I don’t do that. I don’t try to control a sunset. I watch with awe as it unfolds.
- Carl Rogers -

How Does Molecular Hydrogen Help? Anti-Aging

"Anti-Aging
Molecular hydrogen is a powerful antioxidant, that helps to defend cells and genes from damage and death caused by harmful free radicals. These properties, in combination with its anti-inflammatory properties help enhance longevity because aging is caused by tissue degeneration, oxidative stress and inflammation.

Studies show molecular hydrogen positively affects telomerase activity. Thus, this lends itself to molecular hydrogen’s anti-aging benefits.

It was published in the American Journal of Food and Nutrition, that drinking hydrogen-enriched water increases telomerase activity. Therefore, it shows great potential when it comes to anti-aging benefits.

"Another study found that hydrogen-rich water affects telomerase activity as well as SIRT1 gene expression. SIRT1 is another biomarker that affects the aging process. This study went on to note that hydrogen-enriched water behaves similarly to insulin, meaning that it can potentially help those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes."

This study published in the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology found that bathing in hydrogen-enriched water decreased the appearance of neck wrinkles in participants.

"Hydrogen gas has been shown to have therapeutic effects on more than 150 disease processes, including: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular diseases, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, diabetes, osteoporosis, chronic inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, certain forms of cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, influenza and pneumonia, nephritis, skin conditions and many more."

Disease Prevention
There are currently 150 plus different diseases in which molecular hydrogen appears to exert a beneficial effect. Some of the most common include: cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, diabetes, allergies, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, heart disease, and cancer. " Dr. Delgado broke the World Strength Endurance record, lifting 50,640 lbs in one hour, and led Team USA to a World Championship. He is a medical commentator in theWHN Forum

Twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), drank 530 mL of hydrogen-rich water More

Patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance were included an 8-week randomized, double-blind, crossover study of hydrogen-enriched water More

Cancer More

In Parkinson’s disease addition of hydrogen to drinking water (>0.4 mM or 0.08–1.5 ppm) prevented the development and progression of nigrostriatal degeneration and dopaminergic neuron loss (67, 68) More

"Persistent oxidative stress plays an important role in a variety of pathologies, and the search for an effective and well tolerated antioxidant agent continues. Molecular hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. The non-specific mechanism of hydrogen as a therapeutic antioxidant gives it broad therapeutic potential across a wide range of medical applications, as has been shown by a substantial volume of preclinical data, as well as a growing body of clinical evidence. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic potential of hydrogen, in ageing and wellness applications as well as medical applications, including acute ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammation and ulceration, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer (anti-cancer effects, radiation toxicities, and side effects of cisplatin) with an emphasis on clinical data. Overall, this review shows that hydrogen is an effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent. "

Change your Water Change your life

The Amazing Healing Power Of Hydrogen Water

Are you feeling faint, moody, constipated, tired, fatigued, achy, ill, or down? Well, what if I told you about a simple magical elixir that might help all of those symptoms? A tall glass of clean and clear hydrogen water. It may seem like only a plain element in comparison to all the new health drinks out there on the market, but hydrogen water can help prevent the undesired symptoms mentioned above. Here is why hydrogen water is the healthiest of beverages:

The molecule of hydrogen water is small enough to penetrate into cells deeply. The utmost thing is hydrogen water can neutralize ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species which are notorious for destroying normal cells o r distorting DNAs. Besides, you can also enjoy helpful minerals dissolved in hydrogen water.

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For every disease there is a single key mechanism that dominates all others. If one can find it and then think one's way a round it, one can control the disorder.

(Lewis Thomas, MD Sloan Kettering Hospital, NYC)

A single key mechanism that dominates all others is redox reaction. So that, if we can find a way to control it, we can conquer the disorder. Water rich in atomic as well as molecular hydrogen should be an ultimate solution for it as far as my theory is concerned.(H. Hayashi, MD Water Institute, Japan)

H ydrogen therapy for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases—particularly those associated with ROS (reactive oxygen species) and inflammation—has become a hot research subject. Many reports in peer-reviewed scientific and medical journals, including in vitro and animal studies, plus some clinical trials in humans, have already been published. HEALTH PROBLEMS that may be beneficially affected by hydrogen therapy include, to name a few, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury (as occurs in heart attacks and strokes), diabetes, stress-induced cognitive impairments, Parkinson’s disease (as shown in animal models), and various aspects of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and endothelial function).

The medicinal properties of molecular hydrogen appear to be promoted as early as 1798. Many years later in 1975, the departments of Biology and Chemistry from the prestigious Baylor University and Texas A&M published a great article on the potential use of molecular hydrogen in medicine in the premier peer-reviewed journal of Science. However, it wasn’t until 2007, when an article was published in Nature Medicine, which showed the selective antioxidant properties and antiapoptotic (anti-cell death) activity of molecular hydrogen, that the biomedical field took strong interest in hydrogen’s therapeutic potential. Prior to 2007, only 50 articles were published regarding hydrogen as a medical gas, compared to over 300 articles within the past seven years

“Hydrogen-Rich Water” or hydrogenated water contains active hydrogen ions that act as powerful antioxidants in your body. The ions help eliminate oxygen free radicals that contribute to the development of illness and ultimately are responsible for the aging process.

Our body takes in the H2 and convert it into hydrogen anions, H-. or commonly termed as active hydrogen. Active Hydrogen is a powerful anti-oxidant as it is able to remove the active oxygen in our body that is known to be the cause of many types of chronic diseases. Molecular hydrogen also has anti-inflammatory effect besides its antioxidant properties. Inflammation is a silent killer that caused many chronic diseases. Hydrogen has also been found to have anti-tumor effect.

" We recently learned that the most important number related to our water is not pH . In fact, the most important number in health and wellness may not be your PSA, cholesterol or blood pressure, or ORAC. The most important number is the Number 1 on the Table of Periodic Elements, "Hydrogen." To be more specific diatomic molecular hydrogen. That tiny, pervasive, immensely powerful hydrogen."

The Benefits of Hydrogen-Rich Water

Hydrogen-Rich Water...
• Lubricates joints and muscles; our body is 70% water
• Keeps our minds alert; the brain is over 70% water needing hydration to function
• Helps the body absorb nutrients
• Aids in circulation and digestion
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Detoxifies cells and the whole body
• Improves blood pressure, decreases headaches, arthritic symptoms, back pain, and chronic illness symptoms

My question is: Is hydrogen-rich water true? I am aware of the alkaline water. I have read several articles in the Internet regarding this kind of water but I cannot seem to be convinced

A Hydrogen water is a solution of molecular hydrogen H 2 in water, which shouldn't be confused with acidic or basic solutions. The first scientific reference to hydrogen water appears to be in the journal, Nature Medicine which can be accessed here if you have a personal or institutional subscription to the journal. The claim is that molecular hydrogen can serve as a reducing agent and therefore has antioxidant properties; namely, it can reduce hydroxyl radicals:

H 2 +2OH·---2H 2 O

The article has generated a considerable amount of research, with well over 300 journal articles citing this work originally published in 2007. There seems to be some merit to the claim . One such article, which is publicly accessible is here.

How Can YOU Benefit from Hydrogen Protection?

 

Forget your perfect offering. There is a crack in everything.
That's how the light gets in. - Leonard Cohen -

How is all this possible?
At first glance it would seem this is too good to be true. How can a water do all this? The truth is it does not actually do any of these things—the body does. The Hydrogen merely enhances water to be of more use to the body, thus allowing the body to do more.

"Improve health for diabetes and prediabetes patients. A Japanese study involved 36 patients with either type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (a prediabetic condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal). Some patients drank about 30 ounces of hydrogen-rich water daily for eight weeks… the rest drank the same amount of plain water. Results: Hydrogen-rich water consumption was associated with significant decreases in LDL “bad” cholesterol and urinary markers of oxidative stress as well as improved glucose metabolism… in two-thirds of prediabetes patients, oral glucose tolerance test results returned to normal. Among plain water drinkers, there were no significant changes. "

How Hydrogen works in the body

There are four direct mechanisms involved that allow for these benefits:
• Hydrogen- becomes an anti-oxidant, reducing damages in the body, thus also ultimately reducing immune system workload.• Hydrogen- literally fuels the ATP engine that powers every cell in the body. More fuel means more work can be done, less food needs to be eaten, and less food further reduces the oxidative load the body has to deal with.

"Ease the negative side effects of radiation treatment for cancer. In a 2011 study, Dr. Nakao’s team looked at 49 liver cancer patients undergoing radiation, a treatment that often increases fatigue and negatively affects quality of life. Participants who drank about two quarts of hydrogen-rich water daily for six weeks showed lower blood levels of oxidative markers (by-products of cell injury caused by free radicals) and reported higher quality of life than participants who drank tap water. Hydrogen-rich water did not compromise radiation’s therapeutic antitumor effects, Dr. Nakao noted. "

Conclusions
Daily consumption of hydrogen-rich water is a potentially , therapeutic strategy for improving QOL after radiation exposure. Consumption of hydrogen-rich water reduces the biological reaction to radiation-induced oxidative stress without compromising anti-tumor effects.Source

http://medicalgasresearch.com/


When you drink 2 L of hydro gen waterper day as utilizing antioxidant effects, it is like eating 1,512 bananas or 1,023 apples for the same purpose.

• Smaller Water Cluster Size- Appropriate electrical charge in water causes water molecules to form smaller groups and allows for easier hydration and transport of vitamins and minerals.

• Higher pH, More Alkaline- This is simple to understand as disease only forms in overly acidic conditions (lower pH). These conditions are caused by lifestyle and diet. Most people are overly acidic. Anything we can do to help buffer these acidic conditions will be beneficial.

• In addition, animal studies show that consumption of hydrogen-rich water may help reduce the risk for atherosclerosis… prevent stress-induced declines in learning and memory… slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease… prevent or ease colitis… reduce allergic reactions… improve kidney function in kidney transplant patients… and lessen kidney toxicity and other side effects of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin.

Free radicals are oxygen-contaning moleculas with an impaired electron. They are everywhere! In fact, through a process of oxidation in the body, our cells extract thousands of free radicals. Having been very reactive oxygen species, free radicals ricochet through your body and kill your healthy cells. If not quickly neutralised, free radicals cause oxidative stress a condition when cells and DNA suffer greater damage. This ages you more rapidly every day, wrecking total havoc on your health

One of the most interesting findings concerning hydrogen as an antioxidant is the discovery that it is a novel antioxidant because it scavenges the toxic hydroxyl radical (the strongest of the oxidant species)2c and the potent oxidant peroxynitrite (formed by the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide), but is far less effective in scavenging physiological radicals such as superoxide and nitric oxide, important (at low concentrations) as signaling molecules.2 Moreover, hydrogen is able to diffuse extremely rapidly into tissue and “effectively reaches the nucleus and mitochondria,”1 suggesting “preventive effects on lifestyle-related diseases, cancer, and the aging process.”1 Hydrogen also passes through the blood-brain barrier, although most antioxidant compounds cannot do this.1

Active Oxygen results in leading to many diseases such as cancer,
stroke, rheumatism, high-blood pressure, aging, arteriosclerosis, etc

Clinical Improvements Obtained From Intake Of Hydrogen-Rich Water (1985-2000)

"In November 1995 I presented a hypothesis known by the title: ˜Water Regulating Theory (Hayashi's Model)' in a US health magazine. It says that active oxygen could be scavenged or reduced by atomic hydrogen, which results in production of H2O to give again a birthplace for every life form.

Hayashi, Hidemitsu, M.D., Water Institute, & Kawamura, Munenori, M.D., Kyowa Medical Clinic

Improvement of general malaise, chronic constipation & diarrhea as well as persistent diarrhea after gastric resection
Improvement of dehydration in infants with vomiting and diarrhea caused by viral infection
Improvement of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns
Improvement of blood sugar and HbA1c levels in diabetes

Reduced Diabetes Symptoms
In 2008, a team of Japanese researchers tested 30 subjects who had either type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. After eight weeks, subjects who drank 900mL of hydrogen-rich water daily showed significan improvements in cholesteroal and other diabetes-related symptoms. The results of this research led the scientists to believe that hydrogen-rich water could help prevent type 2 diabetes. Source

Improvement of peripheral circulation in diabetic gangrene
Improvement of liver function in hepatic diseases, cirrhosis of liver, hepatitis
Improvement of uric acid levels in gout
Improvement in Sports Performance

Better Sports Performance by Limiting Lactic Acid
When you work out intensely, your muscles contract, causing oxidative stress. This can lead to signs of overtraining, which include muscle microinjuries, fatigue, and inflammation.

Hydrogen is believed to be an antioxidant. Researchers in 2012 performed a double-blined test on 10 soccer players, giving them hydrogen-rich water. The patients given hydrogen water isntead of the placebo demonstrated lower levels of lactate in their blood.
Source

One wonders what this might do for tired heart muscles ?
These are interesting

Improvement of cholesterol levels
Improvement of gastroduodenal ulcers and prevention of recurrences
Improvement of hypertensive or hypotensive disorders
Improvement of Dental Health

Better Dental Health
Tests on rats showed that drinking hydrogen-rich water could improve age-related tooth degeneration (oxidation). Source

Improvement of hypersensitive disorders; urticaria (hives), atopic dermatitis, asthma, etc.
Improvement of autoimmune disorders; rheumatism, collagen disease, SLE, etc.
Improvement of dismenorrhea, menopause symptoms
Improvement of Anti Aging Symptoms

Anti-Aging Effects
We generate molecules that do damage in our bodies every day, whether through intense exercise, smoking, ultraviolet exposure, pollution, aging, or any other types of stress. These “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) form in the process of breathing, something we have to do every minute of every day.

Certain scientific studies have suggested that the consumption of molecular hydrogen (which can be put into the body by drinking hydrogen-rich water) can help with a number of issues related to ROS, including obesity, diabetes, cognitive function, and even intestinal health. Source

Improvement of malignant tumors; hepatoma, cancers, etc.
Improvement of Parkinson’s disease
Improvement of Alzheimer’s disease
Improvement of Cerebrovascular diseases
Improvement of Heart Disease

Lourdes Water in France is well known as Miracle Water. Scientists have it that it is good water because lots of hydrogen and minerals are dissolved.

Study the effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on 49 patients receiving radiotherapy for malignant liver tumors

Improvement of specific diseases; Behcet Syndrome, Crohn Disease, Kawasaki's Disease, ulcerative colitis
Experiences of pregnant women who took hydrogen-rich water during their pregnancy; almost no emesis, smooth delivery, slight jaundice, enough lactation, smooth and satisfactory growth of newborns
Devices to produce reduced water were introduced into our clinic in May 1985

The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan announced in 1965 that the intake of reduced water is effective for restoration of intestinal flora metabolism.Hayashi, Hidemitsu, M.D."

Better Sports Performance by Limiting Lactic Acid
When you work out intensely, your muscles contract, causing oxidative stress. This can lead to signs of overtraining, which include muscle microinjuries, fatigue, and inflammation.

Hydrogen is believed to be an antioxidant. Researchers in 2012 performed a double-blined test on 10 soccer players, giving them hydrogen-rich water. The patients given hydrogen water isntead of the placebo demonstrated lower levels of lactate in their blood. Source

Anti-Aging Effects
We generate molecules that do damage in our bodies every day, whether through intense exercise, smoking, ultraviolet exposure, pollution, aging, or any other types of stress. These “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) form in the process of breathing, something we have to do every minute of every day.

Certain scientific studies have suggested that the consumption of molecular hydrogen (which can be put into the body by drinking hydrogen-rich water) can help with a number of issues related to ROS, including obesity, diabetes, cognitive function, and even intestinal health.Source

"After the water containing molecular hydrogen is absorbed through the small intestines, the H2 enters the cells of the body and combines hydroxyl free radicals creating a water molecule in the cells (2OH* + H2 –> 2H2O). This is very powerful from a perspective of cellular hydration, detoxification, and increased energy".

The therapeutic benefits, in what is called alkaline water, is not from increased pH. The therapeutic benefit of Ionized or Alkaline Water comes from molecular hydrogen. Molecular Hydrogen has been shown in over 350 studies to have positive effects on 150 different human diseases.

Radiation the Demon of modern living

"As the damage caused by radiation is largely a result of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen is a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, it is unsurprising that studies have reported protection by hydrogen against radiation injury.One study14 explained that “[t]he gastrointestinal tract is one of the most susceptible organs to radiation. As low as 1 Gy of radiation induces a dramatic increase in apoptosis [programmed cell death] in mouse small intestinal crypt within 3–6 h after exposure, predominantly in the stem cell region.” In their study, the researchers tested the protective effects of hydrogen-rich water against gamma radiation to cultured lymphocytes and the gastrointestinal tract in mice. In the mice, for example, plasma SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GSH (glutathione) concentrations were significantly higher at 12 hours after irradiation in the hydrogen treated group as compared to the controls. The plasma malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation product) and intestinal 8-OHdG (a breakdown product of damaged DNA) concentrations at 12 hours of irradiation in the hydrogen treated group was significantly lower than that of the control group.

28 Signs That The West Coast Is Being Absolutely Fried With Nuclear Radiation From Fukushima

In another radiation study15 by the same group published in a different journal that same year, hydrogen-rich water was tested for its possible protection of the heart from damage by ionizing radiation in mice. The authors hypothesized that the hydrogen-rich water would protect against the hydroxyl radicals produced during irradiation. They found decreased myocardium degeneration, decreased myocardium malondialdehyde, decreased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and increased levels of endogenous antioxidants in the hearts of irradiated, hydrogen-water-treated mice as compared to irradiated but untreated mice."Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw

Healthy water has several advantages in the human body, , making the skin soft, promoting proper digestion, preventing and treating acne break outs and pimples, gets rid of wastes in the body and certain organs need water such as the brain, bones, stomach, liver etc.

Adequate hydration with hydrogen-rich water pre-exercise reduced blood lactate levels and improved exercise-induced decline of muscle function. Although further studies to elucidate the exact mechanisms and the benefits are needed to be confirmed in larger series of studies, these preliminary results may suggest that HW may be suitable hydration for athletes.Source

Beer doesn't hydrate. Wine doesn't hydrate. Mineral water doesn't hydrate. Sorry :)

Hydration at cellular level is done by osmosis, as soft water enters the cells through the semi-permeable cell membrane.

The best water to hydrate: •TDS = 10 to 60 ppm (dissolved solids)
• Micro-clustered* water structure
• pH = 7.2 (slightly alkaline)
• ORP = 0 to -500 (reductive)
• rH2 = 0 - 28 (calculated value*)
Dissolved Hydrogen = up to 1.6 ppm

Safety of Hydrogen
Hydrogen (H2) is reported to have NO cytotoxicity even at high concentrations.1 “The safety of H2 for humans is demonstrated by its application in Hydreliox, an exotic, breathing gas mixture of 49% H2, 50% helium and 1% O2, which is used to prevent decompression sickness and nitrogen narcosis during very deep technical diving.”1

Effects of hydrogen have been reported in 63 disease models and human diseases (Table 1). Only two diseases of cerebral infarction and metabolic syndrome have been analyzed in both rodents and humans. Lack of any adverse effects of hydrogen enabled clinical studies even in the absence of animal studies. Some other human studies including Parkinson’s disease are currently in progress, and promising effects of hydrogen are expected to emerge for many other human diseases. We also have to elucidate molecular bases of hydrogen effects in detail.

Electric hydrogen water ionizers can produce stronger initial ORP readings because of the creation of short term OH- (hydroxyl ions), The process of electrolysis produces hydrogen in massive quantities as witnessed by the collection of hydrogen gas bubbles in your glass when you first recieve water from the machine. I always drink water produced by an hydrogen water ionizer within ten seconds after it is produced if possible. That way, I can receive all the healthy benefits of the hydrogen before it dissipates into the air.

Showing results for double blind studies on hydrogen water

While people in the west are still trying to decide whether hydrogen water is real or quackery, people in Japan are embracing hydrogen-rich water in droves. Look forward to more information about hydrogen-rich water as the rest of the world learns about one of the best-kept secrets in Japan.

Make Hydrogen Water for the Whole Family

Bench Top Family Hydrogen water system

Specification:
Rated Voltage: 100-240v 50/60 HZ 1.8A
Capacity: 1- 2.5L
Timer 8 and 10 mintues
Hydrogen water producing: Basic/Strength way
Dissolved Hydrogen: 0.8ppm to 1.8ppm
PH balance: 7.6 (slightly more alkaline, stabilizing the dissolved hydrogen)
ORP: -500 to -550 (reducing/antioxidant)
RH2 (Relative Hydrogen): 1 to 5 (reducing/antioxidant)

Explanation of Terms:
TDS = Total Dissolved Solids is a measure of the combined content of all organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid. High TDS levels indicate "hard water", that can lead to scale buildup. Lower (10 - 60 pps) TDS is "soft water" and it is considered the best water for drinking and proper hydration.

Micro-clustered* water structure means smaller, 4 to 6 molecules per clusters.
That is an ideal, smaller cluster size, that can be absorbed more easily via osmosis.

pH = negative logarithm of hydrogen-ion concentration and it shows whether a solution is acidic or alkaline.


pH values range from 0 to 14. Neutral, pure water has a value of pH = 7.
Acidic solutions have pH = 0 to 7, alkaline solutions have pH = 7 to 14 values.

ORP = Oxidation / Reduction Potential (Reduction Potential or Redox Potential) is a measure of tendency of chemical species to either acquire or donate electrons. Oxidative agents (like free radicals) need and acquire electrons. Reductive agents (antioxidants) have and donate electrons. ORP is measured in millivolts (mV) (mV).

Positive values (+200 mV to +500 mV) represent oxidation potential.
Neutral value is around +200 mV, assuming neutral pH=7 value.
Lower and negative values (+200 mV to -500 mV) represent the greater reduction (antioxidant) potential.

rH2 = Relative Hydrogen Score shows the true reduction potential, electron concentration / electron activity in a solution

Molecular Bases of Hydrogen Effects for the scientificaly minded

"Effects of hydrogen on various diseases have been attributed to four major molecular mechanisms: a specific scavenging activity of? hydroxyl radical, a scavenging activity of peroxynitrite, alterations of gene expressions, and signal-modulating activities. The four mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and some of them may be causally associated with other mechanisms.

The first molecular mechanism identified for hydrogen was its specific scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical [6]. Indeed, oxidative stress markers like 8-OHdG, 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) are decreased in all the examined patients and rodents. As hydrogen can easily dissipate in exhalation, hydrogen in drinking water is able to stay in human and rodent bodies in less than 10?min (unpublished data). Hydrogen, however, can bind to glycogen, and the dwell time of hydrogen is prolonged in rat liver after food intake [33]. A question still remains if mice and humans can take a sufficient amount of hydrogen that efficiently scavenges hydroxyl radicals that are continuously generated in normal and disease states.

Another molecular mechanism of hydrogen effect is its peroxynitrite-() scavenging activity [6]. Although hydrogen cannot eliminate peroxynitrite as efficiently as hydroxyl radical in vitro [6], hydrogen can efficiently reduce nitric-oxide-(NO-) induced production of nitrotyrosine in rodents [34–38]. NO is a gaseous molecule that also exerts therapeutic effects including relaxation of blood vessels and inhibition of platelet aggregation [39]. NO, however, is also toxic at higher concentrations because NO leads to -mediated production of nitrotyrosine, which compromises protein functions. A part of hydrogen effects may thus be attributed to the reduced production of nitrotyrosine.

Expression profiling of rat liver demonstrated that hydrogen has a minimal effect on expression levels of individual genes in normal rats [40]. Gene ontology analysis, however, revealed that oxidoreduction-related genes were upregulated. In disease models of rodents, expression of individual genes and proteins is analyzed. In many disease models, hydrogen downregulated proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis-factor-(TNF-)??, interleukin-(IL-) 1ß, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-(IFN-)??, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) [4, 23, 24, 36, 41–59]. Hydrogen also downregulated nuclear factors including nuclear factor kappa B (NFB), JNK, and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) [24, 44, 50, 55, 60–63]. Caspases were also downregulated [10, 55–57, 62, 64, 65]. Other interesting molecules studied to date include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [15]; MMP2 and MMP9 [34]; brain natriuretic peptide [48]; intercellular-adhesion-molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and myeloperoxidase [36]; B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) [60]; MMP3 and MMP13 [38]; cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and connexins 30 and 43 [66]; ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) [52]; fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) [33]. Most molecules, however, are probably passengers that are secondarily changed by hydrogen administration, and some are potentially direct targets of hydrogen effects, which need to be identified in the future.

Using rat RBL-2H3 mast cells, we demonstrated that hydrogen attenuates phosphorylation of FceRI-associated Lyn and its downstream signaling molecules [64]. As phosphorylation of Lyn is again regulated by the downstream signaling molecules and makes a loop of signal transduction pathways, we could not identify the exact target of hydrogen. Our study also demonstrated that hydrogen ameliorates an immediate-type allergic reaction not by radical-scavenging activity but by direct modulation of signaling pathway(s). In addition, using murine RAW264 macrophage cells, we demonstrated that hydrogen reduces LPS/IFN-induced NO production [67]. We found that hydrogen inhibits phosphorylation of ASK1 and its downstream signaling molecules, p38 MAP kinase, JNK, and IB??without affecting ROS production by NADPH oxidase. Both studies point to a notion that hydrogen is a gaseous signal modulator. More animal and cells models are expected to be explored to confirm that hydrogen exerts its beneficial effect as a signal modulator." Source

1: Ohta. Recent progress toward hydrogen medicine: potential of molecular hydrogen for preventive and therapeutic applications. Curr Pharm Des 17:2241-52 (2011).